16 THE CHRONICLE - MOUNTAINEER, Tumbler Ridge, B.C., Wed., Nov. 30, 1983

Tougher sentencing planned in Code

. _By Leslie Shepherd

OTTAWA (CP) — Justice
Minister Mark MacGuigan
said Wednesday he plans to
get tough with violent
criminals as part of what
he calls the most
significant reform of
sentencing provisions in
the Criminal Code since the
law was enacted 90 years
ago.

He said he also plans to
focus on alternatives to
prison for those convicted
of non-violent offences,
currently the majority of
cases handled by criminal
courts.

MacGuigan gave few
details of his proposed
overhaul but dropped
several hints during a
speech to the Canadian
Association for the
Prevention of Crime.

The package will also
give judges something they

have long requested — a
clear outline from
Parliament on the purpose,
objectives and principles in
sentencing.

The Criminal Code
currently gives judges
wide latitude to impose
sentences but is generally
silent on the objectives, the
criteria to be used and
procedures to be followed.

The guidance to judges
will indicate the overriding
goal of sentencing is the
protection of the public,
MacGuigan said.

He confirmed that was a
“very important
statement”’ in his speech
but told reporters they
would have to wait for the
new session of Parliament,
expected early next month,
to learn whether it means
more emphasis on
punishing or rehabilitating
prisoners.

“J, too, am concerned

about violent crime and
intend to focus clearly on
tough options to deal ef-
fectively with it,’’ he said.

“The legitimate public
concern about safety and
security requires
toughness, but ap-
propriately focused
toughness, rather than
merely symbolic, across-
the-board toughness.”’

But he also quoted
studies showing Canadians
vastly overestimate the
amount of violent crime
and indicated his support
for alternatives to prison
for non-violent offenders.

“Any effort to reform
sentencing law and
practice must, therefore,
focus not only on how the
criminal justice system
can effectively respond to
violent offenders,” he said.

“But (it) must also
address the equally im-
portant concern regarding

the sentencing of those non-
violent property. offenders
who represent by far the
majority of cases sen-
tenced by Canadian
criminal courts.”

He said he plans to
gather sentencing options,
now scattered throughout
the Criminal Code, into a
self-contained section.

And he said there would
be more emphasis on
allowing courts to order
restitution for crime vic-
tims.

MacGuigan said a study,
prepared for his depart-
ment and released Mon-
day, shows the Canadian
public is not the “‘punitive,
retributive group of in-
dividuals they are typically
and unfairly portrayed
as.”

The study, by two
University of Toronto
professors, found people
who relied on media

reports of particular court
cases tend to believe the
sentence posed was too
lenient.

Professors Anthony Doob
and Julian Roberts also
found 80 per cent of
Canadians surveyed felt
sentences generally are too
lenient.

But when given details of
specific cases, such as
transcripts of court
proceedings, respondents
- found the sentences more
appropriate and, in some
cases, too harsh.

Earlier, Allen Linden,
new president of the Law
Reform Commission,
warned changes in
criminal law and court
procedures should occur
slowly and gradually to
ensure they are lasting.
Linden, a former judge,
said the judicial system is
basically sound but needs
fine tuning.

Jackie O. is shy and reclusive

Jacqueline Kennedy
Onassis’s life has become
quiet and reclusive. This
story, part of a series on
John Kennedy’s
assassination, chronicles
the life of the former first
lady and how she has coped
since his death.

By Eileen Putman

NEW YORK (AP) — She
still has the whispery
voice, the wide eyes, the
chestnut mane — and the
aura. Now 954, twice
widowed, she is still one of
the most regal, most
fascinating and most
private women in the
world.

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier.
Jacqueline Bouvier
Kennedy. Jacqueline
Bouvier Kennedy Onassis.

Jackie. She is a woman
for whom a first name is
enough, even today, 22
years after she and her
dashing husband,
President John F. Ken-
nedy, walked into the White
House, 20 years after her
blood-stained pink suit
signalled the end of an era
and 15 years since she
stunned the country by
marrying an aging Greek

shipping tycoon.

Her life has become
guiet, reclusive. The
mystique remains.

She works in Manhattan
as an editor at Doubleday
and Co. Inc: (promoted last
year from associate editor)
and makes occasional
public appearances to
promote books she has
edited or to try to help save
city landmarks.

On those occasions,
Jackie, who uses Onassis
as her surname, is a
master of the low profile,
slipping in and out of
freight entrances. and
putting off questions with a
chilly, regal smile.
PROTECTS PRIVACY

She knows how to protect
her privacy. Two years
ago, she spent $3 million on
a Martha’s Vineyard
retreat, where No
Trespassing signs stand at
the start of a 600-metre
driveway that curls out of
sight. She declined to be
interviewed in connection
with the 20th anniversary

of Kennedy’s
assassination.
Whether jogging in

Central Park, having her
hair done at Kenneth’s, or
pressing her complaints
against persistent
photographers, Jackie
remains aloof, often behind
huge dark glasses.

‘‘When you’re on a one-
to-one basis with her, she’s
rather shy and seems

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rather frightened and a
little wistful and hesitant,
her eyes darting around the
room,” says biographer
Stephen Birmingham.

But at public ap-
pearances, he adds, ‘‘She
just glows.”’

DAZZLED AMERICANS

That glow dazzled the
American public when
Jackie became first lady at
age 31, moving into the
White House with three-
year-old daughter Caroline
and infant son John.

Although she said her job
was “to take care of the
president so he can best
serve the people,”’ Jackie
also had distinct ideas
about her role as first lady.
With little interest in
politics, she was dedicated
to the style and grace that
had marked her life since
childhood.

Born in the Long Island
resort community of
Southampton, Jacqueline
Lee Bouvier was
descended from Bouviers
who had come from France
to fight with Lafayette in
the Revolution. Her
mother, Janet Lee, was the
daughter of an equally
prominent Maryland
family that had made its
fortune in real estate.

Jacqueline, who
pronounced her name to
rhyme with ‘‘queen,”
spoke French at the dinner

table and attended Miss”

Porter School, a finishing
school in Farmington,
Conn., Vassar College, the
Sorbonne and George
Washington University. In
1947, after her ‘‘coming
out” in Newport, R.I.,
Hearst society columnist

Cholly Knickerbocker
named her debutante of the
year.

While working as a
photographer for the
Washington Times-Herald,
she was courted by Ken-
nedy. Their courtship was
not “the candy-and-flowers
type,” she later said.

URGED TO MARRY

Jack Kennedy was
reluctant to end his
bachelorhood, but his
father, Joseph, urged him
to marry, saying, “Jackie
probably has more class
than any girl around here.”’

As first lady, Jackie
devoted her energies to
travel, redecorating the
White House’ and
replenishing her designer
wardrobe, though some
said a bit extravagantly.

“We are on the threshold
of a new American
elegance thanks to Mrs.
Kennedy’s beauty,
naturalness, un-
derstatement, exposure
and symbolism,” said Oleg
Cassini, her official dress
designer.

Fashion followed her
pillbox hats, her bouffant
hairdo, white gloves and
Cassini gowns. Heads of
state such as Charles de
Gaulle of France were
charmed when the first
lady came to call.

After the shock of Dallas,
Jackie, as a widow,
became larger than life.

Her 1968 marriage to
Aristotle Socrates Onassis,
one of the world’s
wealthiest men, toppled
her from a sort of national
pedestal.

“Jackie How Could
You?’ said one headline.

But the public soon found
it couldn’t get enough of the
new Jackie, either.

Photographers pushed to

get shots of the woman who

had buried Camelot by

marrying the Golden
Greek.

RUMORS SURFACE
Rumors of marital

discord soon surfaced, and
Onassis was seen publicly
and often with his longtime
mistress, Maria Callas. By
the time Onassis died in
1975, his wife an ocean
away in New York, the
woman who had sym-
bolized American elegance
was starring in a sordid
drama played out in the
world’s tabloids. °

Left $120,000 in Onassis’s
will, Jacqueline contested
it and won a $26-million
settlement from _ her
stepdaughter, Christina.
She left the Greek island of
Skorpios a widow again,
but wealthier.

Although her name has
since been linked with
several men, Jacqueline
has denied rumors of
remarriage plans.

She has refused public
comment on _ subjects
ranging from a biography
that portrayed her as a
calculating, manipulative
woman to allegations that
Kennedy was a relentless

womanizer and_ their
marriage far from
satisfactory.

“You have two com-

partments — your private
and your public life,’’ she
once said.

“T think I’m more of a
private person. I don’t
really like to call attention
to anything.”’

NEXT: The Kennedy
Children

Couple has cat fight

TORONTO (CP) — An
estranged couple fighting
over the custody of their
two cats have asked On-
tario Supreme Court to
decide the matter.

The childless Toronto
couple, both financial
analysts in their 30s, both
claim a strong attachment
to the cats and want to keep
them.

Lawyer David Klein, who
represents the wife, said in
an interview Wednesday
the court is expected to
decide whether the custody
of pets should be deter-
mined with a view to their
best interests, as are
children’s custody rulings.

“While the issue of
custody or possession of
pets may seem frivolous to
some, it is clear that (the
couple) believe the issue to
be at least as deserving of
the court’s time and at-

tention as the disposition of
their other property,”
Klein said.

The cats, 3%%-year-old
brothers, now are in the
wife’s care under an in-
terim court order of shared
custody. Next month, the
husband will get them,
Klein said.

In an affidavit filed with
the court, the wife said: “I
have become extremely
attached to (the cats). I
consider them an essential
element of my emotional
well-being and they are
irreplaceable to me.”

In his affidavit, the
husband said: ‘‘I was and
am deeply attached to
these cats. They have been
personified to the point
where they are more like
my children than my pets.”

The couple separated a
year ago after seven years

_ of marriage.

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Santa Special

Oberle speaks on ta

Mr. F. Oberle (Prince

~George-Peace River): Mr.

Speaker, the Government
proposes to cancel the
special tax advantages
available to people working
and living in the North
despite the protests of
every group with an un-
derstanding of develop-
ment in that area, in-

No budget
says
Lalonde

By Norma Greenaway

OTTAWA (CP) —
Finance Minister Marc
Lalonde’ brushed off
suggestions Thursday that
the economic recovery has
stalled and refused to
promise an early budget.

He told the Commons he
is ‘‘watching the evolution
of the economic recovery”
and considering a new
budget sometime between
February and June.

He was being pressed for
a new budget by Tom
McMillan, a Conservative
MP, who pointed to a
Statistics Canada report
this week which said its
index of leading economic
indicators suggests
economic recovery could
slow noticeably in the first
half of next year.

While the index, designed
to forecast changes in the
economy, increased by 2.55
per cent in July, it in-
creased by only 2.03 per
cent in August.

Lalonde told reporters
earlier the agency’s report
has not dampened his
optimism that the country
will enjoy substantial
growth next year. He has
predicted a growth rate of
5.2 per cent.

McMillan, MP for the
Prince Edward Island
riding of Hillsborough,
suggested a weakening in
residential construction,
employment growth and
retail sales in ‘recent
months illustrates the need
for a new budget.

cluding some parts of the
Government itself.

The cancellation of these
northern benefits will bring
in only a small amount of
additional revenue to the
Finance Department and
have a disastrous effect on
industries such as mining.
It will do nothing to assist
northerners whose
disposable income is

dramatically reduced by

high costs of living. In-
stead, it will simply add
employees of large com-
panies and Governments to
the list of people suffering
these disadvantages.

We on this side of the
House can find only one
explanation for the
decision, and that is that
the Government intends to
replace a_ stimulant
availabe to all, with a grant
system available only to
those it selects. This has
been the pattern of
economic assistance over
the last several years, and
it is one with grave con-
sequence. Industry
spokesmen have pointed
out that the grant system
rewards industries whose
imminent failure means
political problems for the
Government. They have
said the grant system is

‘“‘addicitive”, and that it

DOLAN

forces bureaucrats to
decisions about the yajig
of industrial efforts wit
which they may no
familiar. '
It is time the effg
make to provide Stimlatiy, ;
tax measures for every;
so that personal an
dustrial initiative can
advantage of opportunit:

instead of turning oi

Government and a
a special grant or ],

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